杨树固沙林密度、配置与林木生长过程的关系

在科尔沁沙地证明低覆盖度行带式固沙林具有显著的防风效果后,进一步对雨养条件下杨树(赤峰-36号)固沙林的密度、配置及林木生长过程与林龄的动态关系进行研究.结果表明: 1)1～5 a林木的生长基本不受密度的影响,密度大单位面积材积量大;6～11 a是密度对林木生长的显著影响阶段,杨树固沙林的胸径、株高和材积量的增长率随林龄增大而逐年加快;大约在11 a之后趋于稳定;单位活立木蓄积最大(153.39 m3·hm-2)的固沙林密度是825株·hm-2,其他密度按蓄积大小排序依次为540株·hm-2、420株·hm-2和1 215株·hm-2;2)边缘林木的平均胸径和单株材积量分别比林内高20%～70%和90%～260%,且低密度林分的边缘林木的生长优势比高密度林分边缘林木的生长优势更加明显;3)同密度(500株·hm-2)13 a的一行一带式固沙林,其胸径、树高和材积量分别比等株行距的片林高37.4%、17.4%和81%;而10 a的两行一带式的胸径、树高和材积量分别比等株行距的片林高19.8%、16.2%和64.8%,说明行带式配置还具有生物生产力优势.     

面向控制系统的系统逻辑分析和设计方法

本文应用离散事件系统（ＤＥＤＳ）对系统进行分析，求出了状态转移函数，找出了状态转移规律的给定模式，并根据结定模式的逻辑关系，匹配出梯形图程序．为实现系统分析和系统程序设计的规范化提供了依据．     

渍水土壤还原过程对土壤结构的影响研究综述

综述了渍水土壤还原过程中微生物代谢、化学变化、土壤结构和土壤胶体的稳定性的相关研究 .在还原过程中 ,随着好氧细菌、兼性厌氧细菌、硫酸还原菌和甲烷菌的活动 ,相继形成氨、硝酸根离子、亚铁离子、硫化物、气体物质及有机酸 .在渍水初期 ,水溶性阳离子浓度的增加导致土壤悬浊液凝集 .在渍水后期 ,亚铁沉淀的形成致使二价水溶性阳离子浓度降低 ,使得土壤胶粒悬浊液分散 .在还原条件下 ,土壤胶体稳定性的变化过程是一个动电机理 .     

谈运用企业资源规划软件系统的条件

本文就社会主义市场经济和企业管理理论 ,针对企业如何使用ERP系统 ,对企业内部环境和外部环境进行分析。笔者总结了一般性的规律 ,并结合我国企业的现状提出了看法     

微型月季研究进展综述

在系统论述微型月季（Rosa chinensis minima）发展简史的情况基础上，综述了微型月季的生物学特性，栽培及应用概况，繁殖、栽培及产后研究进展，提出了对微型月季育种方向的发展展望。     

Spatial heterogeneity of soil water content in the reversion process of desertification in arid areas

Sandy soils in arid,rain-fed environments have low and limited water content,which is a principal factor limiting vegetation development,and a key constraint controlling the structure and functions of the ecological systems in arid areas.The spatial heterogeneity of soil water content is a major soil property,and a focus of soil science and hydrology.On the southern edge of the Tengger Desert,sample plots were selected from mobile sand dunes in desertified lands that had been enclosed for 5,15 and 25 years,respectively.This study explored the dynamic and spatial heterogeneity of soil water content in these different layers of soil that were also in the reversion process of desertification.The results showed that the soil water content of the mobile sand dunes was highest when in the initial stages of the reversion process of desertification,while the soil water content in the 0-20 cm,20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers of soil was 1.769%,3.011%,and 2.967% respectively,presenting a restoring tendency after 25 years of enclosure.There were significant differences,as a whole,in the soil water content among different restoration stages and different soil layers,respectively.Changes in soil water content,in different soil layers,at different restoration stages,exhibited exponential or spherical patterns.The spatial distribution of soil water content exhibited a mosaic patch pattern with obvious spatial heterogeneity.The ratio of the heterogeneity of spatial autocorrelation to gross spatial heterogeneity was greater than 50%.The gross spatial heterogeneity of the 0-20 cm layer of soil improved gradually,while those of the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers improved initially,then weakened in the reversion process of desertification.This study revealed that restoration with sand-binding vegetation reduced soil water content,and increased its spatial heterogeneity in arid areas.However,after 25 years of vegetation-soil system restoration,the soil water content started to increase and its spatial heterogeneity started to weaken.These results will further benefit the understanding of the ecological mechanism between soil water and sand-binding vegetation.     

Light and scanning electron microscopy studies on the infection process of melon leaves by Colletotrichum lagenarium

Colletotrichum lagenarium is the casual agent of anthracnose disease of melons. Light and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the infection process of C. lagenarium on the leaves of two melon cultivars differing in susceptibility. On both cultivars conidia began germinating 12 h after inoculation (hai), forming appressoria directly or at the tips of germ-tubes. By 48 hai appressoria had melanised and direct penetration of host tissue had begun. On the susceptible cultivar, infection vesicles formed within 72 hai and developed thick, knotted primary hyphae within epidermal cells. By 96 hai C. lagenarium produced highly branched secondary hyphae that invaded underlying mesophyll cells. After 96 hai, light brown lesions appeared on the leaves, coincident with cell necrosis and invasion by secondary hyphae. While appressoria formed more quickly on the resistant cultivar, fewer germinated to develop biotrophic primary or invasive necrotrophic secondary hyphae than on the susceptible cultivar. These results confirm that C. lagenarium is a hemibiotrophic pathogen, and that resistance in melons restricts colonisation by inhibiting the development of necrotrophic secondary hyphae.     

荒漠化土壤对人工植被恢复工程的响应

人工植被恢复是荒漠化土壤逆转的主要途径,通过对青海省沙珠玉治沙站人工植被恢复工程下荒漠化土壤逆转过程中土体构型、土壤质地、元素组成和理化性质的分析,研究了荒漠化土壤对人工植被恢复工程的响应.结果表明,人工植被恢复工程对荒漠化土壤具有很好的改良作用,受人工植被影响,土体构型逐渐复杂,出露地表的母质层逐渐被淋溶层和淀积层覆...     

杉木、拟赤杨混交对杉木持续生长的影响

杉木 [Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.]是我国南方主要造林树种之一 ,但近 2 0a来因不合理的栽培制度如炼山、大面积纯林经营、连栽等导致森林生态环境的恶化、地力衰退、林分稳定性下降 ,严重影响杉木人工林的持续经营[1 ,2 ] 。在认识树种生物学特性的基础上 ,通过运用人为措施促进自然趋同 ,有意识、有目的地营造针阔混交林 ,可形成具有地带性群落特点的稳定性强、产量高的人工林 [3,4]。近来南方各地开始大力营造杉阔混交林 ,并开展混交林林分结构和生产力及混交改善微生态环境等相关研究 ,取得了显著成效 [5～ 9] 。本文选择…     

我国新的林业科技范式及其影响

作者应用科恩范式理论讨论了我国林业科技范式。作者认为中国20世纪的林业科技范式的根本特征是林业具有明显的不可持续性发展和生态环境破坏。21世纪新的林业科技范式的核心是林业可持续发展与生态环境建设。新的林业科技范式将对旧的林业不可持续性发展及对生态环境的破坏经营理念、生产方式、生产技术及森林利用方式进行否定,而继承和发扬以往单项先进生产技术和先进经营理念。新的林业科技革命实质就是要创建可持续发展与生态环境质量提高的林业科学技术体系。我国正在形成有中国特色的21世纪新的林业科技革命总体战略思想、战略步骤、主体工程、林业经营理念、目标及其主导技术体系。